Thanks All
UPDATE:1978 CX500 with standard carbs, airbox and exhaust system;
Done triple bypass;
Rae-San Hall Effect ignition;
Carbs rebuilt by CXPhreak;
Big-ends plasti-gauged, minimal wear;
Piston/Bore wear minimal, new rings fitted, bores lightly honed;
Valve guides given only cursory inspection, valves lapped, new valve oil-seals fitted;
Rocker shafts are worn but have now been swapped (In<>Ex);
Oil circulation in cylinder head is good;
Compression test cold (psi): L-175 R-165, with oil down plugholes L-175 R-175;
Fan, housing and surrounds inspected. All OK, no signs of any cracks, knocking or rubbing;
No exhaust leaks apparent near cylinder heads;
Mechanic's stethoscope confirms the noise is coming from upper right of engine (inside cylinder head?);
I got to thinking back to 2015 when I first took the bike off the road. My post
https://www.australiancx.asn.au/forum/index.php?topic=13721.msg141483#msg141483 includes the following: "The last time I rode the CX500 it started to make a clicking sound as we neared home. It was sufficiently different from normal for me to consider whether to stop immediately or continue the remaining km to home. There was no misfiring or loss of power, so I nursed the bike home. I’d only done the basics after buying the bike (comp. test, tappets, oil and filters, plugs, flush and change coolant)."
I'm increasingly wondering whether my current engine noise is the same one that alarmed me in 2015, it certainly sounds very similar. If it has the same origin, then it may provide some pointers. For instance, the noise seemed to begin suddenly near the end of a 100km ride, and, the work that I have done since has neither unveiled the source of the noise nor remedied it. Curiouser and curiouser!